DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA by unwinding the DNA and adding RNA nucleotides complementary to the DNA template.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs hold the two strands of DNA together and allow them to separate easily during replication.

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division.