IB Flashcard: B2.3 (Cells)

Front

What allows different cell types to exist in a multicellular organism despite having the same genes?

Back

Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.

Front

What is the main difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

Back

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells.

Front

What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows?

Back

It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low.

Front

What is the benefit of compartmentalization of lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles in cells?

Back

Efficient digestion of waste materials.

Front

What determines the absorption of nutrients in a cell?

Back

The cell's surface area.

Front

Define 'cell differentiation'.

Back

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Front

What is the significance of the surface area to volume ratio in cells?

Back

A higher surface area to volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials.

Front

What role do stem cells play in multicellular organisms?

Back

Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, contributing to growth and repair.

Front

Explain the term 'pluripotent' in relation to stem cells.

Back

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly all cell types.

Front

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Back

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.