Front

Observational Study

Back

A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed (as in no treatment has been imposed).

Front

Experiment

Back

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (imposes treatments) to observe the effect on the individuals/subjects.

Front

Population

Back

The entire group of interest that we want to know about.

Front

Sample

Back

A subset of the population that we record data on.

Front

Census

Back

A survey/study in which data is recorded on the entire population.

Front

Statistical Question

Back

Based on data that varies and/or that you need statistics to answer.

Front

Convenience Sample

Back

Choosing individuals for a sample who are easiest to reach.

Front

Voluntary Response Sample

Back

A sample which involves only those who want to participate in the sampling.

Front

Random Sample

Back

Method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal probability of being selected.

Front

Effect of Bias in a Study

Back

Causes us to overestimate or underestimate the true value.