Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins at the ribosome.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the mRNA codons.

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

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What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

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The promoter is a DNA sequence that signals the start of a gene and where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.