Comparative Anatomy Practice

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What is a vestigial structure?

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A vestigial structure is a body part that has lost its original function through evolution, often found in organisms that share a common ancestor.

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What are homologous structures?

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Homologous structures are features in different organisms that are similar in structure but may serve different functions, indicating a common ancestor.

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What does the fossil record indicate about the age of fossils?

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The oldest fossils are found in the lower layers of sedimentary rock, while younger fossils are found in the upper layers.

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What is the significance of homologous structures in comparative anatomy?

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Homologous structures provide evidence for evolution and common ancestry among different species.

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What does it mean if two species have analogous structures?

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Analogous structures are features that serve similar functions in different organisms but do not share a common ancestor.

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How can fossils help us understand evolutionary relationships?

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Fossils can show similarities in anatomy between extinct and living species, suggesting a common ancestor.

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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

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Homologous structures arise from a common ancestor, while analogous structures evolve independently to serve similar functions.

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What is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

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The human appendix is an example of a vestigial structure, as it no longer serves a significant digestive function.

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Why are fossils important in studying comparative anatomy?

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Fossils provide physical evidence of past organisms and their structures, helping scientists understand evolutionary changes.

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What does it mean if a species has a common ancestor with another species?

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It means that both species evolved from a shared ancestral species, which can explain similarities in their structures.