Geology and Earth Science Basics

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latitude

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flatitude. lines that move east and west

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longitude

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lines that move north and south

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igneous

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forms when magma cools and hardens. can be shiny or glasslike. holes from gas bubbles. basalt or obsidian

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metamorphic

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forms due to pressure and heat. squeezing. ribbon like layers and crystals. gneiss and marble

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sedimentary

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sediment. rock sand dirt. layers. soft and crumbly. fossils. sandstone. and conglomerate

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earthquakes

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can form where plates move together or rub

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mid ocean ridge

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location under water. new rock is constantly being formed. very geologically active. older rocks are further away.

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specific gravity

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divide weight of a mineral in air by loss of mineral's weight in water. is equivalent to density. used spring scales to calculate.

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epicenter

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The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus, point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins.

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focus

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the point within the Earth, beneath