Quarter 2 Review

Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy in the form of ATP.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy molecule required for active transport.

A hypertonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside, causing water to move out of the cell.

An isotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

A hypotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside, causing water to move into the cell.

I-PMAT stands for Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase, which are the stages of mitosis.

Endocytosis is the process by which a cell takes in particles by engulfing them in a vesicle.

Exocytosis is the process by which a cell releases substances in a vesicle to the outside environment.

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically moving from high to low concentration.

Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules along their concentration gradient.