Epigenetics 12/13

Front

What is epigenetics?

Back

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. It involves mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification.

Front

What role do methyl tags play in gene expression?

Back

Methyl tags can silence genes by preventing the transcription machinery from accessing the DNA, thus reducing gene expression.

Front

What are tumor suppressor genes?

Back

Tumor suppressor genes are genes that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. When these genes are mutated or turned off, they can lead to cancer.

Front

What are oncogenes?

Back

Oncogenes are mutated forms of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that, when activated, promote cell division and can lead to cancer.

Front

How does BPA affect the agouti gene in mice?

Back

BPA (Bisphenol A) can remove methyl tags from the agouti gene, leading to changes in gene expression that affect traits such as coat color and body weight.

Front

True or False: All genes are expressed at all times in our bodies.

Back

False. Genes are regulated and only expressed when needed.

Front

What is the agouti gene responsible for in mice?

Back

The agouti gene influences coat color and body weight in mice, with different expressions leading to different phenotypes.

Front

What is gene expression?

Back

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, typically proteins.

Front

What is the significance of gene regulation?

Back

Gene regulation is crucial for cellular differentiation, development, and response to environmental changes, allowing cells to adapt and function properly.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.