Chapters 17-18

Front

What are serological tests used for?

Back

Serological tests are used to monitor the spread of infection, detect the number of antigens or antibodies in blood serum, and determine blood type in humans. They are NOT used to amplify copies of genes.

Front

What does the term 'variolation' refer to?

Back

Variolation refers to an early method of immunization against smallpox.

Front

What is active immunization?

Back

Active immunization involves the introduction of foreign molecules (antigens) into the body to stimulate an immune response.

Front

What happens when immunization rates fall below 75% in a population?

Back

Localized epidemics of the disease may result.

Front

What does a negative result in an ELISA test indicate?

Back

If no color develops in an ELISA test, it indicates that the test is negative.

Front

What is the purpose of vaccines involving attenuated viruses?

Back

Vaccines involving attenuated viruses are designed to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease.

Front

Define serology.

Back

Serology is the study of blood serum and the immune response in the serum.

Front

What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

Back

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.

Front

Explain the concept of herd immunity.

Back

Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, making its spread unlikely.

Front

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Back

Active immunity is developed through exposure to antigens, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source.