Flashcard #6 - Genetics & Punnett Squares

Front

What is a Punnett Square?

Back

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What does the term 'dominant' mean in genetics?

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Front

What does the term 'recessive' mean in genetics?

Back

A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

Front

Define genotype.

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

Phenotype refers to the physical appearance or observable traits of an organism.

Front

What is the probability of producing a short plant from a Tt x Tt cross?

Back

25%.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles (e.g., TT or tt), while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles (e.g., Tt).

Front

What are the possible genotypes from a Tt x Tt cross?

Back

TT = 25%, Tt = 50%, tt = 25%.

Front

What does it mean if an organism is homozygous dominant?

Back

It means the organism has two dominant alleles for a trait (e.g., TT).

Front

What does it mean if an organism is homozygous recessive?

Back

It means the organism has two recessive alleles for a trait (e.g., tt).