Unit 4 AP Bio

Front

What is the first step of signal transduction?

Back

Reception: The initial stage where a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a target cell.

Front

What binds to turn on or off gene expression?

Back

Transcription factor: A protein that regulates the transcription of genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Front

What is a signaling molecule called?

Back

Ligand: A molecule that binds to a receptor to initiate a signal transduction pathway.

Front

Do all cells respond to the same ligand with the same response?

Back

False: Different cells can respond differently to the same ligand based on their specific receptors and signaling pathways.

Front

What is an inhibitor that binds to the active site inhibiting substrate?

Back

Competitive Inhibitor: A substance that competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

Front

What is the role of a receptor in signal transduction?

Back

Receptors are proteins that receive and bind signaling molecules, initiating a cellular response.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What is the function of a promoter in gene expression?

Back

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

Front

What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?

Back

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site, altering enzyme function.

Front

What is the significance of allosteric regulation in enzymes?

Back

Allosteric regulation allows for the modulation of enzyme activity through the binding of molecules at sites other than the active site.