Cognition and Problem Solving Flashcard

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What is a formal concept?

Back

A concept with characteristics defined by clear rules.

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What is a prototype?

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A mental representation of the “best example” of a concept

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What is hill-climbing in problem-solving?

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A type of problem-solving algorithm in which the problem solver takes small steps, evaluating each step whether it brings them closer to the solution.

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What is convergent thinking?

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Type of thinking in which the number of possible solutions is narrowed down to the single best solution.

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What is fixation in problem-solving?

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The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.

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What is meant by incubation in problem-solving?

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When a problem solver sets aside an unsolved problem and thinks about something else

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What is a natural concept?

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A concept without clearly defined characteristics.

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What is working backward in problem-solving?

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A problem-solving algorithm which goes from the solution and takes steps backwards to arrive at the steps toward a solution.

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What is an exemplar?

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Any item or object that is an example of a given concept

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What is means-end analysis in problem-solving?

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Solving a problem by a combination of forward- and backward-looking strategies.