AP Biology Photosynthesis Review

Front

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Back

The Calvin Cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions.

Front

Is the process of carbohydrate production in the Calvin Cycle endergonic or exergonic?

Back

Endergonic because carbohydrate production is anabolic, meaning it requires energy input to build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Front

What do the light reactions of photosynthesis supply to the Calvin Cycle?

Back

The light reactions supply ATP and NADPH to the Calvin Cycle.

Front

What type of reaction is photosynthesis classified as?

Back

Photosynthesis is classified as an endergonic reaction because it requires energy input from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Front

What is the direct by-product of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis?

Back

Oxygen is the direct by-product of splitting water molecules during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

Back

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier that is reduced to NADPH during the light reactions, which is then used in the Calvin Cycle.

Front

What is chemiosmosis in the context of photosynthesis?

Back

Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is produced in the chloroplasts as protons flow back into the stroma through ATP synthase, driven by a proton gradient established during the light reactions.

Front

What is the significance of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for transferring electrons from water to NADP+, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis and producing NADPH.

Front

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

Back

The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle.

Front

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

Back

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis, responsible for capturing light energy.