Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

The process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

The building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

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Substitutions, insertions, and deletions.

Front

How can mutations affect protein synthesis?

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Mutations can alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially affecting its function.

Front

What is the significance of the sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

It provides the instructions for the synthesis of proteins and determines the traits of an organism.