AP Biology Unit 2 Review Flashcard

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is a passive process where molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Front

What are the main components of a prokaryotic cell?

Back

A prokaryotic cell typically includes a plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes, but does not have an endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What type of amino acid side chains are found in the region of a protein that crosses the membrane?

Back

The amino acid side chains (R groups) in the region of the protein that crosses the membrane are most likely hydrophobic.

Front

What are the components of a signal transduction pathway?

Back

A signal transduction pathway includes response, transduction, and receptor, but does not include transcription.

Front

What type of receptor leads to a change in ion distribution across the membrane?

Back

Binding of a signaling molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane.

Front

Define passive transport.

Back

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along the concentration gradient.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane serves as a barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.

Front

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not.

Front

What is a ligand-gated ion channel?

Back

A ligand-gated ion channel is a type of receptor that opens in response to the binding of a signaling molecule, allowing ions to flow across the membrane.