Midterm Exam Study Tool

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein.

Front

What is the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

Back

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.