DNA Structure and Base Pairing

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is base pairing in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is a diploid cell?

Back

A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, totaling 46 chromosomes in humans.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the AUG codon?

Back

AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.