DNA and Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

Three nucleotides.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Front

What are the two main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The two main types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA).

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the appropriate codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence ATG?

Back

The complementary DNA strand for ATG is TAC.