Topic 4 Review: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A form of cell communication where a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells.

Front

Which molecule is an example of paracrine signaling in animals?

Back

Neurotransmitter.

Front

What are cyclins?

Back

Small proteins that bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to regulate the cell cycle.

Front

During which process do cyclins activate CDK enzymes?

Back

Mitosis.

Front

What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

Back

Sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A series of biochemical events where a sequence of molecules are phosphorylated, leading to a cellular response.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A signal molecule that binds to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane.

Front

What role do receptor proteins play in cell communication?

Back

They bind to ligands and initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the function of CDKs in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the progression of the cell cycle by phosphorylating target proteins.

Front

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Back

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.