Flashcard 2 Intro to Earth Science

Front

What is a convergent plate boundary?

Back

A convergent plate boundary is where two tectonic plates move toward each other, often causing one plate to be forced beneath the other, leading to mountain formation, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.

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What is an igneous extrusive rock?

Back

Igneous extrusive rock is formed from magma that erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools quickly, resulting in fine-grained textures. Examples include basalt and pumice.

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What is erosion?

Back

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by natural forces such as wind, water, ice, and gravity.

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What technology helped support Wegener's theory of Continental Drift?

Back

Sonar technology allowed scientists to map the ocean floor, providing evidence for the movement of tectonic plates and supporting the theory of Continental Drift.

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What is a composite volcano?

Back

A composite volcano, also known as a stratovolcano, is characterized by a steep profile and is formed from alternating layers of lava flow, ash, and other volcanic debris.

Front

What is a divergent plate boundary?

Back

A divergent plate boundary is where two tectonic plates move away from each other, leading to the formation of new crust as magma rises to the surface, often creating mid-ocean ridges.

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What is the primary factor that influences a volcano's behavior?

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The primary factor that influences a volcano's behavior is the type of igneous extrusive rock it produces, which affects the viscosity of the magma.

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What is weathering?

Back

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means.

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What is cementation in geology?

Back

Cementation is the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together, forming sedimentary rock.

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What is compaction in sedimentary processes?

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Compaction is the process by which sediments are pressed together under pressure, reducing their volume and leading to the formation of sedimentary rock.