Unit 2 AP Biology Insta-Review (Cell Structure & Function)

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy and transport proteins.

Front

What is phagocytosis?

Back

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or cells using pseudopodia, often referred to as 'cellular eating'.

Front

What organelle is responsible for protein modification?

Back

The Golgi Bodies are responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What type of transport moves glucose from the GI tract into the blood supply?

Back

Facilitated transport is used to move glucose from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream, utilizing specific transport proteins.

Front

What is a transport vesicle?

Back

A transport vesicle is a small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cell, produced by the Rough ER and Golgi apparatus.

Front

What is the role of lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?

Back

The Rough ER is involved in the synthesis and initial folding of proteins, studded with ribosomes on its surface.

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.

Front

What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

Back

Pinocytosis is the process of 'cellular drinking', where cells take in small amounts of liquid, while phagocytosis involves engulfing large particles.

Front

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Back

The Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage, lacking ribosomes on its surface.