5th Study Flashcard

Front

What is a mutation in DNA?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for Methionine and signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Front

What are alleles?

Back

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Front

What is homozygous?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Front

What is heterozygous?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Front

What is transcription in genetics?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in genetics?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins.