Biology Fall Semester Review

Front

What is Interphase in the cell cycle?

Back

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division. It consists of three stages: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

Front

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes for the daughter cells.

Front

What is the M phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The M phase, or mitotic phase, is when the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to form two new cells. It includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

Front

Define cytokinesis.

Back

Cytokinesis is the process during the M phase where the cytoplasm of a parental cell divides into two daughter cells.

Front

What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Back

Checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure the proper progression of the cell cycle, preventing errors such as DNA damage or incomplete replication.

Front

What happens during the G1 phase of Interphase?

Back

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Front

Explain the significance of the G2 phase in the cell cycle.

Back

The G2 phase is crucial for ensuring that the cell is ready for mitosis, including checking for DNA damage and ensuring all DNA is replicated.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

Front

Define apoptosis.

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms, playing a key role in development and maintaining homeostasis.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing protection and structural support.