PERIODIC TRENDS

Front

What are periodic trends?

Back

Periodic trends are patterns in the properties of elements that are observed across periods and groups in the periodic table.

Front

What is atomic radius?

Back

Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Front

How does atomic radius change across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge attracting electrons more strongly.

Front

How does atomic radius change down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group because additional electron shells are added, increasing the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

Front

How does electronegativity change across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

How does electronegativity change down a group?

Back

Electronegativity decreases down a group because the increased distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons reduces the nucleus's pull on bonding electrons.

Front

What are alkali metals?

Back

Alkali metals are the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and having one electron in their outermost shell.

Front

What are alkaline earth metals?

Back

Alkaline earth metals are the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table, characterized by having two electrons in their outermost shell.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.