2024 Semester 1 Final Exam Review #2

Front

What distinguishes viruses from living organisms?

Back

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they are not made up of cells and cannot reproduce outside of a host cell.

Front

What is a eukaryotic animal cell?

Back

A eukaryotic animal cell is a type of cell that contains membrane-bound organelles and a defined nucleus, distinguishing it from prokaryotic cells.

Front

What are membrane-bound organelles?

Back

Membrane-bound organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, that are enclosed by membranes.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What does ATP stand for?

Back

ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate, which is the primary energy carrier in cells.

Front

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various organelles.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzyme activity?

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon during a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the structure of a virus?

Back

A virus typically consists of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, and sometimes an outer lipid envelope.