Stats Ch 4 Sampling

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What is an experiment in the context of statistics?

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An experiment is a controlled study where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, allowing for causal inferences.

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What is a volunteer sampling design?

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Volunteer sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where individuals self-select to participate in a study, often leading to biased results.

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What is convenience sampling?

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Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from a group that is easily accessible, which may not represent the entire population.

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What is a cluster sample?

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A cluster sample is a sampling technique where the population is divided into groups (clusters), and entire clusters are randomly selected to be included in the sample.

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What is systematic sampling?

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Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where a starting point is randomly selected, and then every nth individual is chosen from the population.

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Define population in statistics.

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A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn, which can be finite or infinite.

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What is a sample in statistics?

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A sample is a subset of individuals selected from a population, used to make inferences about the population.

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What is the difference between a sample and a population?

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A population includes all members of a defined group, while a sample consists of a portion of that group, used for analysis.

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What is bias in sampling?

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Bias in sampling occurs when certain members of the population are systematically more likely to be selected than others, leading to inaccurate results.

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What is stratified sampling?

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Stratified sampling is a method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics, and random samples are taken from each stratum.