Functional Groups and Unit 1 Review

Front

What is the octet rule?

Back

The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration.

Front

What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared equally between atoms?

Back

A nonpolar covalent bond.

Front

What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally between atoms?

Back

A polar covalent bond.

Front

What is a functional group?

Back

A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.

Front

What is the hydroxyl functional group?

Back

The hydroxyl functional group (-OH) consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and is characteristic of alcohols.

Front

What is the carboxyl functional group?

Back

The carboxyl functional group (-COOH) consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group; it is characteristic of carboxylic acids.

Front

What is the amino functional group?

Back

The amino functional group (-NH2) consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and is characteristic of amines.

Front

What is the carbonyl functional group?

Back

The carbonyl functional group (C=O) consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and is found in aldehydes and ketones.

Front

What is a polar covalent bond?

Back

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, resulting in a molecule with a slight electrical dipole moment.

Front

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Back

A nonpolar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons equally, resulting in no charge separation.