Unit 2 Review

Front

What is conduction?

Back

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. It occurs when faster-moving particles collide with slower-moving ones, transferring energy.

Front

What is convection?

Back

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern.

Front

What is radiation?

Back

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. It does not require a medium to travel through.

Front

How does a reflective layer in a travel mug minimize heat transfer?

Back

A reflective layer minimizes heat transfer by reflecting thermal radiation, keeping the contents hot or cold.

Front

Why are materials with air pockets effective insulators?

Back

Materials with air pockets are effective insulators because air reduces the transfer of heat due to fewer particle collisions.

Front

What is the best design feature for keeping a travel mug's contents hot?

Back

Double walls with a vacuum layer and a reflective outer surface are the best design features for keeping a travel mug's contents hot.

Front

What is thermal insulation?

Back

Thermal insulation is the process of reducing heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in the range of radiative influence.

Front

What role does air play in thermal insulation?

Back

Air acts as an insulator because it has low thermal conductivity, meaning it does not transfer heat well.

Front

What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

Back

A conductor allows heat to flow easily (e.g., metals), while an insulator resists heat flow (e.g., wood, plastic).

Front

What is a vacuum layer?

Back

A vacuum layer is a space devoid of matter, which prevents heat transfer by conduction and convection.