2024 AP Bio Fall Final Review

Front

What is a hydrogen bond?

Back

A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Front

What is a monosaccharide?

Back

A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose.

Front

What role do memory cells play in the immune system?

Back

Memory cells are specialized immune cells that remember past infections and enable a faster and more effective response upon subsequent encounters with the same antigen.

Front

What is the significance of epinephrine in cellular signaling?

Back

Epinephrine activates a cascade of reactions in cells, leading to amplification of the signal and a rapid response, such as increased glucose availability.

Front

Which wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll?

Back

Chlorophyll absorbs primarily red and blue wavelengths of light, reflecting green.

Front

Define covalent bond.

Back

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Front

What is an ionic bond?

Back

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Front

What is the function of plasma B cells?

Back

Plasma B cells produce antibodies that specifically target antigens, playing a crucial role in the immune response.

Front

Explain the concept of signal amplification in cellular processes.

Back

Signal amplification refers to the process where a single signaling molecule can activate multiple downstream molecules, resulting in a large-scale response.

Front

What are carotenoids?

Back

Carotenoids are pigments found in plants that absorb light energy for photosynthesis and reflect yellow, orange, and red wavelengths.