What is "conditioned Stimulus"?

A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.

What is a "conditioned response"?

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

What is the "acquisition" in psychology?

The acquisition in psychology refers to the process of gaining knowledge or skills through experience or learning.

What is "higher order conditioning" in psychology?

A type of classical conditioning where a conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus that elicits the same response as the original conditioned stimulus.

What is "extinction" in psychology?

Gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response.

What is "spontaneous recovery" in psychology?

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest or inactivity.

What is "stimulus generalization" in psychology?

A phenomenon in psychology where a response that is learned in the presence of a particular stimulus also occurs in the presence of other similar stimuli.

What is "stimulus discrimination" in psychology?

The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond differently to each of them.

What was "Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment" in psychology?

Watson's 'Little Albert' Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920 to demonstrate classical conditioning in humans.

What is "taste aversion"?

Taste aversion is a learned response in which an individual develops a strong dislike or avoidance of a particular food or drink after experiencing an illness or negative reaction to it.

What is "Edward Thorndikes's Law of Effect" in psychology?

Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect states that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are followed by negative consequences are less likely to be repeated.

Who is "B.F Skinner"?

B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

What is a "Skinner Box"?

A device used in behavioral psychology to study animal behavior.

What is "operant conditioning" in psychology?

Operant conditioning is a learning process in psychology where behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.

What is "shaping" in psychology?

Shaping is a behavioral technique in psychology where a behavior is gradually modified or shaped by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.

What is "chaining" in psychology?

The process of breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, more manageable steps that can be taught sequentially.

What is "Reinforcement Stimulus" in psychology?

A reinforcement stimulus is a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future.

What is "Positive Reinforcement"?

Positive reinforcement is a concept in psychology that involves providing rewards or incentives to encourage and strengthen desired behaviors.

What is "Negative Reinforcement" in Psychology?

Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.

What is "negative reinforcement" in psychology?

Negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a behavior by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.

What are "secondary reinforcers" in psychology?

Stimuli that acquire their reinforcing power through their association with primary reinforcers or other secondary reinforcers.

What are "Token Reinforcers" in psychology?

symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforces

What is "punishment stimulus" in psychology?

A punishment stimulus is a negative consequence or aversive stimulus used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

What is "positive punishment" in psychology?

The application of an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.

What is "negative punishment" in psychology?

Weakening a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.

What is the "Over-justification Effect" in psychology?

Phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action

What are "Schedules of Reinforcement" in psychology?

A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

What is "Continuous Reinforcement" in psychology?

Desired behavior is reinforced each and every time it occurs

What is "Partial Reinforcement" in Psychology?

The response is reinforced only part of the time

What is a "Fixed Response" in psychology?

reinforced only after a specific number of responses

What is a "Variable-Ratio Schedule Response" in a psychological experiment?

A response that is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses

A ratio is a quantitative relationship between two or more quantities.

An interval is a range of values between two points.

What is a "Fixed-Ratio Schedule" in psychology?

A fixed-ratio schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a specific number of responses.

What is a "Variable-Ratio Schedule" in psychology?

A variable-ratio schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule in psychology where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.

What is a "Fixed-Interval Schedule" in psychology?

A reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.

What is a "Variable-Interval Schedule" in psychology?

A variable-interval schedule in psychology is a type of reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.

Que es "Observational Aprendiendo" en psychology?

Observational learning is learning through watching others, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.

What are "Mirror Nuerons" in psychology?

Mirror neurons are Nervous system cells, Mirror neurons “mirror” what is happening in the environment

What was the "Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll" experiment in psychology?

The 'Albert Bandura & The Bodo Doll' experiment in psychology was a study conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961 to investigate the effects of observing aggressive behavior on children's behavior.

What is "Cognition in Conditioning" in psychology?

Researchers once thought of conditioning as automatic and not involving much in the way of higher mental processes. However, now researchers believe that conditioning does involve some information processing.

What is "Latent Learning" in psychology?

Learning something but not show the behavior right away

What is "Insight Learning (Wolfgang Kohler)" in psychology?

Insight learning is a sudden realization of the problem’s solution that “just came to you” “Light Bulb”

AP Psychology Learning Flashcards

Student preview

54 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is "learning"?

Back

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does a "behaviorist" believe?

Back

Believed psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior & all learning occurs through interactions with the environment.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

Back

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is "classical conditioning"?

Back

Classical conditioning is a type of learning. We learn a response and we learn to anticipate.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does "Neutral Stimulus" do?

Back

A neutral stimulus does not elicit any specific response or reaction.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is "unconditional stimulus"?

Back

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning or conditioning.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is ' Unconditioned Response'?

Back

An automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus that occurs naturally, without any prior conditioning or learning.

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