Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What is mRNA and its role in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation is a type of frameshift mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation is a type of frameshift mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is replaced by another in the DNA sequence.

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base.