Protein Synthesis and DNA mutations

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a base in the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A mutation where one base in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, potentially changing one amino acid in the protein.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A type of mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein, often due to redundancy in the genetic code.

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What are codons?

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Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more bases are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the protein produced.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more bases are removed from the DNA sequence, which can disrupt the reading frame.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

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What is the genetic code?

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The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins, consisting of codons.