Semester 1 Review

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation is a type of genetic mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to a DNA sequence, potentially altering the resulting protein.

Front

What are prokaryotes?

Back

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are a primary example of prokaryotes.

Front

What is a nucleus?

Back

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Front

What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a specific gene, represented as 'Aa'.

Front

How do you transcribe DNA to mRNA?

Back

To transcribe DNA to mRNA, replace thymine (T) with uracil (U) and create a complementary strand. For example, TAC becomes AUG.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation is a genetic mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What are eukaryotes?

Back

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Examples include plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.