Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, involving ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

A codon consists of three nucleotides.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What are the four bases of RNA?

Back

The four bases of RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.