AP Biology: Unit 4 Review

Front

What are the three parts of a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Reception, Transduction, Response

Front

Which type of cells move permanently into the G0 phase during G1?

Back

Nerve and muscle cells

Front

What is the process of recognizing defective cells, letting them die, and replacing them with normal cells?

Back

Apoptosis

Front

Which checkpoint ensures chromosomes are attached to kinetochores of spindles correctly?

Back

M checkpoint

Front

Which of the following is NOT involved with transduction?

Back

Ligands

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do secondary messengers play in signal transduction?

Back

They amplify the signal and help propagate the response within the cell.

Front

What is the function of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

To assess cell size, DNA integrity, and nutrient availability before DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the M checkpoint?

Back

It ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to the spindle before cell division.

Front

What is apoptosis and why is it important?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, crucial for maintaining healthy tissue and eliminating damaged cells.