Semester 1 Review

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation is a type of genetic mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to a DNA sequence, potentially altering the resulting protein.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation is a type of genetic mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence, which can lead to changes in the protein produced.

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What is crossing over in meiosis?

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Crossing over is the process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material, leading to genetic variation in the offspring.

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What are lipids?

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Lipids are biomolecules that include fats, oils, and waxes, and they serve as a source of long-term energy and play important roles in cell structure.

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What is a prokaryote?

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A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

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What is a eukaryote?

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A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, and fungi.

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What is genetic variety?

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Genetic variety refers to the differences in DNA among individuals within a population, which can lead to diverse traits and adaptations.

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What is the role of mutations in evolution?

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Mutations introduce new genetic variations, which can be acted upon by natural selection, driving the process of evolution.

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What is the significance of meiosis?

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Meiosis is significant because it reduces the chromosome number by half and creates gametes, contributing to genetic diversity through recombination.

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What are the four main types of biomolecules?

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The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each serving essential functions in living organisms.