DNA Replication PreBreak Flashcard

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, allowing genetic information to be passed on during cell division.

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is Chargaff's rule?

Back

Chargaff's rule states that in a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine (A) is equal to Thymine (T), and the amount of Cytosine (C) is equal to Guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of DNA Polymerase?

Back

DNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic unit of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of Primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA Polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' and 3' ends refer to the directionality of the DNA strand, which is important for the synthesis and replication of DNA.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction.

Front

What is the role of Ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups.