#3: Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

How many nucleotides are in one amino acid?

Back

Three nucleotides (one codon) correspond to one amino acid.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, which can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence TAC ACG TTA AGC ACT?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is ATG TGC AAT TCG TGA.

Front

What is the purpose of mRNA?

Back

The purpose of mRNA is to carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together in the order specified by mRNA.