Translation

Front

What is translation in the context of molecular biology?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the genetic information encoded in mRNA.

Front

How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?

Back

Three nucleotides (a codon) are needed to code for one amino acid.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is an anti-codon?

Back

An anti-codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

Front

What role does tRNA play in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anti-codon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon and what does it code for?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

Front

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

Back

RNA is usually single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What happens during the elongation phase of translation?

Back

During elongation, amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain as the ribosome moves along the mRNA.