Genetics Exam Review

Front

What does 'T' and 't' represent in genetics?

Back

T represents the dominant allele for tallness, while t represents the recessive allele for shortness.

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What is a homozygous genotype?

Back

A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a trait, such as AA or aa.

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a trait, such as Aa.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their trait even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

Front

What is a dihybrid cross?

Back

A dihybrid cross involves two traits being studied simultaneously, typically represented in a 4x4 Punnett square.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits.

Front

What are the four types of mutations?

Back

The four types of mutations are substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.