Biology Flashcard First Semester Practice Questions Revised

Front

What is anaerobic respiration?

Back

Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where glucose is partially broken down to produce energy, typically resulting in byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

Front

How do the nucleus and ribosomes work together in protein synthesis?

Back

The nucleus stores the genetic code for proteins, and ribosomes assemble the proteins based on this code, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What enzyme is most active in the stomach's acidic environment?

Back

Pepsin is the enzyme most active in the stomach, functioning optimally at a pH of around 2, which is suitable for protein digestion.

Front

What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on a red blood cell?

Back

In a hypotonic solution, water enters the red blood cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst due to the osmotic pressure.

Front

What is active transport in cells?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Front

What is the role of pepsin in digestion?

Back

Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the acidic environment of the stomach, aiding in digestion.

Front

What is homeostasis in biological systems?

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Front

What is the significance of the cell membrane in transport processes?

Back

The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and cellular function.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their gradient.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.