Digital Concepts and Security Terms

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Digital divide

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Differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics.

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Bias

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Designing or writing from a particular perspective or point of view, not including or considering other perspectives.

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Citizen science

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Scientific research conducted by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, contributing relevant data using their own computing devices.

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Crowdsourcing

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The practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.

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Intellectual property

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Material created on a computer is the property of the creator or an organization.

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Open source

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Programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

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Open access

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Online research output free of any restrictions on access and many restrictions on use.

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Personally identifiable information (PII)

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Information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them.

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Multifactor authentication

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A method of computer access control requiring several separate pieces of evidence for access.

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Encryption

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The process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access.