Midterm Review

Front

What is the role of proteins in cellular processes?

Back

Proteins act as enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions and provide structural support to cells.

Front

What process allows legumes to restore nitrogen levels in the soil?

Back

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria in root nodules.

Front

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy flow?

Back

Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, while cellular respiration releases stored energy from glucose to produce ATP.

Front

What are complex carbohydrates and why can they be difficult to digest?

Back

Complex carbohydrates are found in foods like vegetables and grains; they can be difficult to digest because they are slowly broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

Front

What is the function of enzymes in carbohydrate digestion?

Back

Consuming enzymes specific for carbohydrate digestion helps the body digest complex carbohydrates more quickly in the stomach and small intestine.

Front

Define nitrogen fixation.

Back

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds in soil, primarily by bacteria.

Front

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

Explain the process of cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

Front

What is the significance of photosynthesis in the ecosystem?

Back

Photosynthesis is crucial as it converts solar energy into chemical energy, providing food and oxygen for living organisms.

Front

What are root nodules and their importance in nitrogen fixation?

Back

Root nodules are growths on the roots of legumes that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.