Protein Synthesis and DNA mutations

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

In RNA, which base replaces thymine (T)?

Back

In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U).

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons on the mRNA during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between addition and deletion mutations?

Back

Addition mutations involve the insertion of extra nucleotides into the DNA sequence, while deletion mutations involve the loss of nucleotides.

Front

What is the significance of the anticodon in tRNA?

Back

The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.

Front

What are the consequences of a frameshift mutation?

Back

Frameshift mutations can lead to significant changes in the protein produced, potentially resulting in nonfunctional proteins or diseases.

Front

How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

Back

Mutations can alter the sequence of amino acids in a protein, potentially changing its structure and function.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.