Biology Midterm Review

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy, often in the form of ATP.

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What is the sodium-potassium pump?

Back

The sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, crucial for maintaining cellular function.

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.

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What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is involved in the transportation of materials within the cell, including the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

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Where are proteins made in a cell?

Back

Proteins are made on ribosomes, which can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help move molecules across the cell membrane without using energy.

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What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, relying on concentration gradients.

Front

What role do lysosomes play in a cell?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.