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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two long strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.

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What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is complementary base pairing?

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Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.

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What is protein synthesis?

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Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.