DNA and Protein Synthesis Review

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two long strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is complementary base pairing?

Back

Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.