Biology Fall Final Review

Front

What is homeostasis?

Back

Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. For example, when the body is hot, it sends signals to sweat to cool down.

Front

What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?

Back

The optimum temperature for enzyme activity is the temperature at which enzymes function most efficiently. According to the provided graph, this temperature is 58°C.

Front

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Back

In a hypotonic solution, a cell will expand and may burst (lyse) due to the influx of water.

Front

What is one job that proteins do not perform in the body?

Back

Proteins do not provide insulation in the body; their roles include aiding the immune system, building bones and muscles, and speeding up chemical reactions.

Front

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

Back

The purpose of an enzyme is to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

Define isotonic solution.

Back

An isotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move out of the cell and leading to cell shrinkage.

Front

Explain the role of enzymes in biological reactions.

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts in biological reactions, increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the function of proteins in the immune system?

Back

Proteins in the immune system help identify and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which link together in specific sequences to form proteins.