Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

Front

What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain of amino acids.

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What is mRNA?

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Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

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What is tRNA?

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Transfer RNA, a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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What is an anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What is a polypeptide?

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A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

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What is a peptide bond?

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A covalent bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide.