Ap Bio

Front

DNA is replicated using the _______________ model

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semiconservative model: This model suggests that each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of a complementary strand, resulting in two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand.

Front

What are repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes called?

Back

telomeres: These are repetitive nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG) that protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

Front

Which enzyme removes the RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides to fill in the gap?

Back

DNA polymerase I: This enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA replication by replacing RNA primers with DNA nucleotides.

Front

What are the correct base-pairing rules in DNA?

Back

A-T and G-C: Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine in the DNA double helix.

Front

What chemical adds base pairs to the growing DNA strand during replication?

Back

DNA polymerase: This enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

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Ligase: This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Front

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

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Primase: This enzyme synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

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Okazaki fragments: These are short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication, which are later joined by ligase.

Front

What is the significance of telomerase?

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Telomerase: This enzyme extends the telomeres of chromosomes, allowing for continued cell division and preventing loss of genetic information.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

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Double helix: DNA is composed of two strands that coil around each other, forming a double helix structure.