Chapter 4 Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things, serving as a template for RNA synthesis.

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

Front

Define transcription in the context of protein synthesis.

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

Front

Define translation in the context of protein synthesis.

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein synthesis.

Front

What type of mutation can be inherited?

Back

Germline mutations, which occur in gametes, can be passed to offspring.